Immunopharmacology - Gruppe Bourquin

Innovative Therapien für Entzündungskrankheiten und Krebs

Unsere Gruppe untersucht die grundlegenden Mechanismen, welche die Immunantworten steuern und erforscht vielversprechende pharmakologische Ansatzpunkte zur Verbesserung der Behandlung entzündlicher Erkrankungen und von Krebs. Unser Ziel ist es, die Brücke zwischen grundlegender Immunpharmakologie und klinischer Anwendung zu schlagen, indem wir die Entwicklung innovativer therapeutischer Ansätze fördern. 

Carole Bourquin_Forschungsprojekte

Das Immunsystem ist ein hochkomplexes Netzwerk, das unseren Körper vor einer Vielzahl von Bedrohungen schützt. Dieses leistungsstarke Abwehrsystem muss jedoch streng reguliert werden, um eine übermässige Aktivierung zu verhindern, die zu schädlichen Entzündungen und chronischen Erkrankungen führen kann. Unsere Forschungsgruppe untersucht, wie dieses Gleichgewicht hergestellt wird und wie es therapeutisch verbessert werden kann. Hierfür kombinieren wir zelluläre Assays mit präklinischen Modellen und setzen modernste Technologien ein, um Phänotypen und Funktionen von Immunzellen umfassend zu charakterisieren.

Aufgrund der außerordentlichen Komplexität des Immunsystems erstrecken sich unsere Forschungsprojekte über ein breites wissenschaftliches Spektrum. Wir untersuchen die Funktionen verschiedener Immunzelltypen – darunter dendritische Zellen, Makrophagen, Neutrophile und Eosinophile – bei der Initiierung, Aufrechterhaltung und Regulation entzündlicher Prozesse. Darüber hinaus sind wir auf die Krebs-Immunpharmakologie spezialisiert und analysieren, wie immunmodulatorische Moleküle, darunter auch Gasotransmitter, die Immunantwort gegen Krebs beeinflussen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt unserer Arbeit liegt auf dem zellulären Stoffwechsel, insbesondere darauf, wie metabolische Signalwege in Krebs- und Immunzellen ihre Wechselwirkungen steuern und wie gezielte metabolische Interventionen therapeutische Ergebnisse verbessern können.

Prof. Dr. Dr. Carole Bourquin
Prof. Dr. Dr. Carole Bourquin

Project leader: Prof. Carole Bourquin

Image: Gasotransmitters, C. Bourquin

Novel gasotransmitters and antitumor immune responses

Gasotransmitters are small gaseous molecules that are produced endogenously in mammalian cells and regulate key biological processes. This family is composed of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which exhibit similar biochemical and pharmacological properties. Notably, gasotransmitters are featured with bell-shaped effects, with different or even opposite effects at different concentrations. However, the effects of these molecules on the immune system remain poorly characterized. Our project aims to investigate the effects of gasotransmitters, particularly hydrogen sulfide, on the immune compartment. The ultimate goal is to identify the roles of these gasotransmitters in the pathogenesis of cancer and diverse inflammatory diseases.

Project leader: Prof. Carole Bourquin

Image: Obesity, C. Bourquin

Obesity-derived estrogens and cancer immunotherapy

Obesity is associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality. However, recent studies suggest that obese patients often respond better to cancer immunotherapy. In our recent work, we demonstrated that obese male mice showed enhanced responses to PD-1 blockade, and that this benefit is driven by the increased estrogen synthesis within the adipose tissue. Complementing these findings, preliminary analysis of a cohort of melanoma patients suggested that higher circulating estrogen levels in men were associated with improved clinical outcomes. Building on these observations, we aim to further investigate how obesity-derived estrogens shape the antitumor immune response and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

Project leader: Prof. Carole Bourquin

Image: Central chamber B, C. Bourquin

Lymphatic-vascular interplay in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an organ-on-chip approach

The vascular and lymphatic systems are vital for organ homeostasis, ensuring fluid balance, immune surveillance, and tissue repair. However, in the context of inflammatory disorders, blood and lymphatic vasculatures undergo functional and morphological changes. This can lead to vascular hyperpermeability, impaired lymphatic drainage, and a continuous recruitment of inflammatory cells into the inflamed tissue, thus exacerbating disease progression. In this project, we aim to characterize the immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in this dynamic interplay between blood and lymphatic vessels in the context of inflammatory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using a vasculature-on-chip model, we aim to identify whether and how immune cells contribute to vasculature dysfunction and disease progression.

Project leader: Dr. Nikita Markov

Image: Macrophages, N. Markov

Interplay between metabolic processes and macrophage functions

Metabolism governs virtually all cellular processes and has therefore emerged as the main scope through which modern biology interprets cell functions, adaptations and responses. In this context, immunometabolism focuses on how metabolic programs shape immune cell activation and function. A core idea of the field is that targeted manipulation of immune cell metabolism can modulate their activity, offering opportunities to suppress pathological inflammation or enhance immune responses, for example, in cancer. Our research focuses on how specific metabolic pathways, particularly mitochondrial function, regulate macrophage phenotype and activity. We investigate how dysregulated macrophage metabolism contributes to pathological inflammation and aging. By identifying actionable metabolic nodes, we aim to develop novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and age-associated diseases.

Project leader: PD Dr. Darko Stojkov

Image: Neutrophils, D. Stojkov

Neutrophils in rare metabolic diseases

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and serve as a first line of defense in the innate immune system, playing a critical role in the body’s response to infection. Their ability to rapidly migrate to sites of infection and mount effective antimicrobial responses depends on exceptional metabolic adaptability and energy production. In inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), disturbances in neutrophil differentiation and function are frequently observed. Disruptions in glucose metabolism, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial pathways can severely impair neutrophil function, thereby increasing susceptibility to infections in affected individuals. Our project aims to unravel the metabolic defects underlying neutrophil dysfunction in IMDs and to identify essential metabolic pathways that may serve as therapeutic targets. By deepening our understanding of neutrophil metabolism in the context of rare metabolic diseases, we hope to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to restore effective immune defenses in these vulnerable patient populations and improve their clinical outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Dr. Carole Bourquin

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